<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;">  </span></span><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;">金屬清洗</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">是金屬制件在加工、裝配、貯存和維修等過程中必不可少的工藝環(huán)節(jié)，其非常大的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域?yàn)殇撹F工業(yè)和汽車工業(yè)。過去廣泛使用的金屬清洗劑為各種溶劑、堿性或酸性的水基清洗劑，目前國內(nèi)外頒布了許多的法規(guī)，限制了大部分的溶劑的使用，所以今后金屬清洗劑的發(fā)展方向應(yīng)該為水性清洗劑。本文將就</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">水性金屬清洗劑</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)以及其原料的情況作一詳細(xì)的闡述。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">水性金屬清洗劑的現(xiàn)狀</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　國內(nèi)，傳統(tǒng)的清洗工藝依然采用汽油、煤油等混合烴類為主。在</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">世紀(jì)</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代開發(fā)了以強(qiáng)堿性物質(zhì)（如</span><span lang="EN-US">NaOH</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Na2CO3</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Na2SiO3</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">Na3PO4</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">）為主要成分的水基清洗劑。</span><span lang="EN-US">70-80</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代開發(fā)了以表面活性劑為主要成分的水基清洗劑，出現(xiàn)了如</span><span lang="EN-US">6501</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、</span><span lang="EN-US">6503</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等清洗效果較好的表面活性劑單體。</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">世紀(jì)</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年代后經(jīng)過科研工作者的不斷努力通過多種表面活性劑之間的復(fù)配，利用各組分之間的協(xié)同效應(yīng)，使得金屬清洗劑的清洗能力得到較大的提高，其技術(shù)取得了很大的發(fā)展，在全國的大多數(shù)省市都建立了清洗劑的生產(chǎn)廠家，產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量大幅度提高，質(zhì)量逐步改善，新型效率高，適合不同用途的清洗劑不斷問世，目前國內(nèi)研究和生產(chǎn)比較普遍的還是由表面活性劑和助劑復(fù)配的</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">水設(shè)立資金屬清洗劑</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">金屬清洗劑的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">　　石油類溶劑作為金屬清洗劑將逐步淘汰，效率高、環(huán)保的鹵代烴溶劑今后將成為溶劑型金屬清洗劑的優(yōu)選。水基清洗劑方面，正向常溫型和專項(xiàng)使用型方向發(fā)展。如適合超聲波清洗、噴丸清洗和高壓水流清洗的專項(xiàng)使用清洗劑正逐步受到重視。同時(shí)，日益突出的環(huán)境污染問題，使得溶劑型清洗劑和水基含磷清洗劑將逐步淘汰，新型無害無磷、效率高、防銹等具有多功能的環(huán)保型水基清洗劑將成為清洗行業(yè)大力研究的方向。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">　　同時(shí)，結(jié)合溶劑型和水基清洗劑的各自利弊，即水設(shè)立資金屬清洗劑難以在室溫情況下有效的清除金屬表面的重垢，而溶劑型清洗劑具有去除油污迅速，低溫洗滌效果好的特點(diǎn)，國外的許多廠家正在開發(fā)油包水的乳液型清洗劑，這將使金屬清洗劑發(fā)展到一個(gè)更高的階段。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">3.</span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">水性金屬清洗劑的清洗機(jī)理</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">金屬清洗劑</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的清洗過程是利用表面活性劑能夠降低液體的表面張力，產(chǎn)生定向吸附、潤(rùn)濕、乳化、分散、增溶等綜合作用，再借助清洗時(shí)的加熱、刷洗、噴淋、振動(dòng)或超聲波的方式使得油污盡快脫離工件表面，分散到清洗液中，達(dá)到清理污垢的目的。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">　　北美、西歐和日本的金屬清洗劑市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成熟，消費(fèi)總量很大，但是預(yù)期的消費(fèi)增加量不會(huì)太大。而國內(nèi)由于鋼鐵和汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展的拉動(dòng)，</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sphbkj.com/"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";" lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">金屬清洗劑</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">市場(chǎng)將有很大的市場(chǎng)空間。</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: small;">目前，雖然國內(nèi)建立了大量的清洗劑生產(chǎn)廠家，占據(jù)了絕大部分的客戶資源，但是隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和環(huán)保要求的提出，新型、效率高、有經(jīng)驗(yàn)、環(huán)保的清洗產(chǎn)品仍然具有廣闊的市場(chǎng)空間，很值得我們?nèi)ド钊氲奶接懞脱芯俊?lt;/span></span></p>